Reason Not Religion :: essays papers

Reason Not Religion Observations and inferneces from real life perceptions: My entire life I have been a Catholic and have attended Church regularly with my family, always believing in God and the stories and tales of the Bible as pure fact that happened long ago, and of Jesus being the savior, etc. Just this past month I attended a Presbyterian church service with my elderly grandmother in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The church was small to begin with, and only about one-third of the seats were filled. I would have to say that at least 95% of the people were all over 65, with very few young couples at all. My grandma made a comment on the lack of young people who attend the masses now, and she kept referring to the fact that recently less and less young couples and families ever attended church. At first I thought that this church would then seriously have to close its doors when the current majority of the parishioners died, but then I realized another aspect of human behavior and psychology. The characteristic that I see and hear so much about that many humans tend to possess and practice, is the fact that they become "closer to "god"" the older they get. Why is this? It is because of one of the same big reasons that we even have to have religion in the first place: fear about death and what happens to us afterwards. These people seem to be turning to the kind of thinking that inspired the dichotic idea of PASCAL^S WAGER. Even if these people were not very religious during their younger years, we can now see a trend of a large section of our country^s population starting to attend church more and more and become more "religious" as they grow older. What inspires this shift?--plain and simple, the fear of uncertainty. "QUESTIONING" ONES BELIEFS MUST GO BEYOND JUST WONDERING When I used to attend Church regularly their was a priest who was an extremely good speaker and extremely intelligent. Even though he was a Catholic priest, serving as the pastor of an extremely large church, he had the courage and brains to disagree with some of the rigid dogma setup and enforced by the Vatican. I remember one sermon he gave that has greatly influenced me since, and I am very happy I was fortunate enough to hear it. In this certain sermon he talked about his thoughts on it being good for teenagers and youth to question the existence of a God in their world. He talked at length about this

Juice Marketing

2010 Horlborn Consumers Ltd 6/14/2010 MARKETING PLAN OF V6 VEGETABLE JUICE Champion like a thrive Prepared for, Mr. Sajeeb Saha Course instructor Department of Agribusiness and Marketing Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagor, Dhaka-1207 Prepared BY, 1. Md. Rashedul Haque07-2398 2. Md. Sharifur Rahman07-2326 3. Md. Wahidul Islam08-2776 4. Sayeda Razia Islam Nabila07-2470 5. Mahbubur Rahman08-3077 6. Md. Shahidul Islam08-2766 7. Md. Faisal Kabir Khan08-2778 8. Habiba Begum08-2684 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To Mr. Sajeeb Saha Lecturer Department of Agribusiness and marketingSubject: Submission of marketing plan Dear Sir This is our marketing plan of â€Å"V6 vegetable juice† which is launched by Horlborn Consumers Ltd. In the time of preparing this plan we had to face some problem about marketing and sales. But we try to apply our marketing knowledge as much as we learn. We prepare this marketing plan on the basis of our own knowledge and also on the collected info rmation from different sources. If any type of mistake you notify please suggest us. Sincerely yours, Md. Rashedul Haque07-2398 Md. Sharifur Rahman07-2326 Md. Wahidul Islam08-2776 Sayeda Razia Islam Nabila07-2470Mahbubur Rahman08-3077 Md. Shahidul Islam08-2766 Md. Faisal Kabir Khan08-2778 Habiba Begum08-2684 Table of Content: SerialNo. | Description| Page number| 01| Executive Summary| 7| 02| Company Summary| 8| | 2. 1| Location | 8| | 2. 2| Size and capacity| 9| 03| Product and Service overview | 9| | 3. 1| Categories of product| 10| | 3. 2| Raw-materials of product| 11-12| | 3. 5| Nutrition | 13| 04| Strategic plan | 13| | 4. 1| Vision | 13| | 4. 2| Mission| 14| | 4. 3| Goals| 14| | 4. 3. 1| Financial Goals| 14| | 4. 3. 2| Non-financial Goals| 14| 05| Situation Analysis| 15| | 5. 1 | Marketing Summary | 15| | 5. 1. 1| Market Demographics| 15| | | 5. 1. 2| Psychographics| 16| | | 5. 1. 3| Market Needs| 16| | | 5. 1. 4| Consumer Insight| 16| | | 5. 1. 5| Market Trends| 17-18| | | 5. 1. 6| Market Growth| 18| | 5. 2| STP Analysis| 18| | | 5. 2. 1| Market Segmentation| 18| | | 5. 2. 2| Target Market| 18| | | 5. 2. 3| Positioning | 19| | 5. 3| SWOT Analysis | 19| | | 5. 3. 1| Strength| 19| | | 5. 3. 2| weakness| 19| | | 5. 3. 3| Opportunities | 19| | | 5. 3. 4| Threats | 20| | 5. 4| Competition Analysis| 20| | | 5. 4. 1| Competitor Strength| 20| | | 5. 4. 2| Competitor Weakness| 21| | | 5. 4. | Points of Difference| 21| | 5. 5| Competitive Advantage | 21| | 5. 6| Key to Success | 21| | 5. 7| Critical Issue | 22| 06| Strategic Marketing Analysis | 22| | 6. 1| Marketing Objectives | 22| | 6. 2| Strategies | 22| | 6. 3| Marketing mix| 23| | | 6. 3. 1| Product strategies | 23| | | 6. 3. 2| Pricing Strategies| 23-24| | | 6. 3. 3| Distribution pattern| 24| | | 6. 3. 4| Advertising & Promotion| 25| | | 6. 3. 5| Customer Service| 25| | 6. 4| Marketing Research| 26| 07| Financial planning| 27| | 7. 1| Financial Overview| 27| | 7. 2| Sales Forecast | 28| | 7. 3| Revenue For ecast| 29| | 7. | Expense Forecast| 30| | 7. 5| Profit Margin| 31| | 7. 6| Break-even Analysis | 32| 08| Controls | 33| | 8. 1| Implementation | 33| | 8. 2| Marketing Organization| 34| | 8. 3| Contingency Planning | 34| 01 Executive Summary: A concrete marketing plan is one of the major tools of a marketer to be successful in his business. As a student of Agricultural Marketing we were assigned to make a marketing plan. For this purpose we selected â€Å"V6 vegetable juice† as our product and made a marketing plan of this product. Horlborn Consumers Ltd serves both the consumer market, as well as local restaurants.We will succeed in developing a profitable business through the use of our two competitive advantages, quality and flexibility. The local farmers of vegetable cannot produce enough products to satiate local demand and also other beverage company can’t able to satisfy the consumer through their product. We see this market opportunity and are prepared to seize it. Our mission is to provide the highest-quality vegetable Juice. We exist to attract and maintain customers. When we adhere to this maxim, everything else will fall into place. Our services will exceed the expectations of our customers.We have first formed a company then as per requirement we have given description of the business and current market situation. We have provides these details based on our own knowledge and collected information from different sources. Then we have discussed about our strategic plan, market summary, market trends and market growth. We did SWOT analysis, STP analysis, Competition analysis and also our competitive advantage. We also provide marketing strategy, pricing strategy, and also distribution channel. We mentioned our local and advertising and promotional activities.Then we included our financial plan and also our implementation plan. 02 Company Summaries: * Legal Name: Harlborn Consumers Ltd. â„ ¢ * Trade name: Harlborn Consumers Ltd. â„ ¢ * Business Address: Factory (Manufacturing Plant): Ishurdi EPZ, Pabna. Head Office: Twin Builders Complex, 52/A Motijhil,Road 13/C, Motijhil, Dhaka. * E-mail : [email  protected] com * Website : www. harlborn. v6. com * Phone : +88013670487 * Fax : 91-3483-244441. Type of Organization : Partnership 2. 1 Location: * Plant Location: We have to select a better manufacturing plant as well as the distribution place.In favoring the environmental factors as considered for the hygienic manufacturing plant as further the Ishurdi EPZ which area is much free from the violence of political disturbance & other hindering factor. * Central office: our target distribution place is Dhaka division with other renowned districts of the noteworthy division of Bangladesh. So, our central official position is situated at the twin builder’s complex at Motijhil. In other districts our own distributor sends our products through low cost with our great transportation facility. 2. 2 Size & capacity: Establishing the manufacturing plant the size of capacity is a great factor to run the whole processing plant. Size & capacity should be effective for proper working. * In total we need 5600 square feet to move freely. * A small portion of that place will be used as a controller office. * Warehouse free space to store & preserve the raw materials. * Central office space is about 4000 square feet. 3. 0 Product and Service overview: Product and service overview includes categories of product, raw-materials of product and also the nutritional value of the V6 vegetable Juice. . 1 CATEGORIES OF PRODUCT: There are six season in Bangladesh. Among them winter is the most vital season for huge production of green vegetables. We select winter vegetables for our juice production. So our target product is winter vegetable juice. We divided our product into three types on the basis of their weight and size. 1 liter500ml200ml 3. 2 Raw Materials of Product: Vegetables are an essential part of any healthy diet. Vegetables provide nutrients, such as potassium, magnesium and vitamins A, C and E that are vital for overall health and maintenance of your body.That’s why we select following vegetables. Tomato: Tomato provides powerful, natural antioxidants. The antioxidant Lycopene is found naturally in tomatoes, and helps protect against cell damage. Cabbage: It helps to round out your diet with other vitamins, minerals and natural antioxidant Carrots: Delivers vitamin A (alpha- and beta-carotene) to help maintain vision and a healthy immune system Lettuce: One cup of iceberg lettuce has only 10 calories! Spinach: Supply huge amount of vitamin A E K C & with calcium energy and iron Swamp cabbage:It gives us vital amount of vitamin A & C with high amount of protein calcium and iron 3. 3 Nutrition: Example nutrition information for V6 Vegetable Juice: Nutrition Data| Servings per package: 1| Serving size: 250 ml| | Average qty per serving| Average qty per 100 g| Energy| 165 kJ (40 cal)| 66 kJ (16 cal)| Protein| 2. 4 g| 1. 0 g| Fat| | | – Total| Nil| Nil| – Saturated| Nil| Nil| Carbohydrate| | | – Total| 6. 3 g| 2. 5 g| – Sugars| 6. 3 g| 2. 5 g| Sodium| 660 mg| 263 mg| Vitamin A| 325  µg (40%) ^| 130  µg| Vitamin C| 52 mg (130%) ^| 21 mg| 04 Strategic Plans:The new marketing plan has developed its strategies by focusing on the vision, mission, goals as well as its core competency. 4. 1 Vision: We envision a marketing system that quickly and efficiently moves wholesome, affordable agricultural products from the farm to the consumer. Our target customer, they can take the nutrition of the vegetable. Our product must be diversified as the consumer need. We have to create our market demand and grow awareness among the people. At first we have to capture our local market within two years and we will start to export our product within five years. 4. 2 Mission:Our mission is to provide the highest-quality vegetable Juice. We exi st to attract and maintain customers. When we adhere to this maxim, everything else will fall into place. Our services will exceed the expectations of our customers. We also focus on the following missions, * Hygienic food * Finest quality of our product * Keeping the affordable price * Provide best customer service * Provide energetic and nutritious food 4. 3 Goals: We divided our goals into two part, financial goals and Non-financial goals. 4. 3. 1 Financial goals: 1. Realize a 5% increase in gross profit margins through efficiency gains every year.Reduce the transportation costs associated with product delivery by 10% by the end of the first year. 2. We will address break-even analysis, sales forecasts, expenses forecasts, and how those link to the marketing strategy. 4. 3. 2 Non-financial goals: 1. Maintain positive, steady growth each month. 2. Experience an increase in new customers who are turned into long-term customers. 3. Generate brand equity at the Farmer's Market as wel l as within the commercial restaurant industry market. 4. Awareness regarding services offered, develop the customer base, and work toward building customer loyalty. . To enter into new market. 05 Situation Analyses: V6 vegetable juice is a start-up business. The vegetables have been well received and marketing is now critical to its continued success and future profitability. Harlborn offers a wide range of high quality vegetable juice. The basic market need is high quality vegetables with flexibility of production for both the consumer and commercial market. 5. 1 Market Summary: We possesses good information about the market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of our most prized and loyal customers.We will leverage this information to better understand who is served, their specific needs, and how we can better communicate with them. 5. 1. 1 Market Demographics: The profile for our customer consists of the following geographic, demographic, psychographics and behavio r factors. Individual’s demographics: * Singles and families. * Children’s * Sick people * Ages 25-50, this segment makes up 53% of the market according to the Chamber of Commerce. * Have attended college or graduate school. * Are cognizant about their health * Female aged 30-52 * Tend to eat out at least once a week. Behavior Factors: Are willing to pay a premium for higher quality, tastier vegetable juice. * There is value attributed to the more attractive beverage of vegetable juice. * Enjoy a high-quality juice without the mess of making it themselves. 5. 1. 2 Psychographics: * Moderate involvement with product purchase, seeking information about health benefits and nutritional facts of V6 products * Well educated, hard working and active females with a desire to provide a healthy lifestyle for themselves and their family * Time poor people, struggling to manage theirs and their families active lives who seek an easy solution to roviding nutritional beverages as an alternative to soft drinks * Females who take both an emotional and rational approach to buying their families food * Prone to moderate levels of emotional attachment with brands * Eager to seek out the most consistently nutritious beverage products 5. 1. 3 Market Needs: We provide individuals and restaurants with high-quality vegetable juice. We seek to fulfill the following benefits that are important to their customers. Selection: A wide choice of different vegetables with the flexibility to change crops midseason. * Competitive Needs: Sugary soft drinks are low in nutritional value to recover this there needs a healthy and long lasting energy drinks. * Customer service: The patron will be impressed with the level of attention that they receive. * Competitive pricing: All products will be priced competitive to true substitutes. 5. 1. 4 Consumer Insight:The consumer insights are listed from most important to least important for the target audience The need for a healthy alternati ve to soft drinks * Sugary soft drinks are low in nutritional value * Over indulgence of soft drinks leads to poor eating habits * Needs a variety of beverage choices * Needs a way to gain healthy long lasting energy * Have fast paced lives and do not have time to make healthy meals everydayPassionate about their and their family’s health and well being * Genuinely concerned about the overall health of their families * V6’s high volumes of vitamins and antioxidants contribute to healthy family members * Provides a solution to the worry of what to feed to themselves and their children with little post purchase regret * Want to maximize on opportunities to save time and effort by purchasing a quality product * Highly likely to put their families needs in front of their own * Needs to feel good about their dietary decisions and give them a sense of empowerment * Peer pressure forcing them to have the perfect healthy family 5. 1. 5 Market Trends: The market for vegetable j uice has exploded within the last few years. Explanations for this trend are, * Market supply: The increase of supply has reinforced the demand.Within the last few years many farms that were producing grains have moved to production of vegetables because of the increased margins and market demand. * Health consciousness: Now a day’s Bangladeshi’s have become more health conscious and vegetable have supported this goal as juice are inherently healthy and a vegetable mix juice is far tastier than the others juice. * Presentation/appearance: Presentation as an element of the culinary experience has taken on more value as juice has become more creative over the last several years. 5. 1. 6 Market Growth: We are learning to appreciate the more sophisticated taste of this health food. Therefore taste and health consciousness is what is driving this demand. This demand can be seen by the increase of juice offerings by finer restaurants.Lastly, presentation is becoming a variab le in gauging the quality of a product, and a mix for vegetables as juice is very aesthetically pleasing. 5. 2 STP Analysis: The following STP analysis consists of market segmentation, target market and positioning. 5. 2. 1 Market Segmentation: We have segmented our customer into three groups. * Individual consumers * Restaurants and * Hospitals 5. 2. 2 Target Market: * Children * Sick people * Active adult female * School, College, and Universities students * Old aged people * Time poor people 5. 2. 3 Positioning: V6 juice helps to maintain good health, when time is short, which create a value in consumers mind about this product and motivate rheumy to buy frequently. Horlborn will position itself as: * Flexible. * High-quality producer. Professional. * Reliable 5. 3 SWOT Analysis: The following SWOT analysis captures key strengths and weaknesses within the company and describes the threats facing Horlborn Consumers Ltd for marketing V6 vegetable juice. 5. 3. 1 Strengths: * Availab ility of seasonal vegetables throughout the year. * Flexibility in meeting vegetable needs. * Flexibility in meeting restaurant's needs. * High-quality product offerings that exceed competitor’s offerings of price, quality, and service. * Higher than industry margins due to production efficiencies. 5. 3. 2 Weakness: * V6 Vegetable juice lacks brand equity. * A limited marketing budget to develop brand awareness. The decreased degree of flexibility when near full production. 5. 3. 3 Opportunities: * Growing market with a significant percentage of the target market still not aware that vegetable juice exists. * The ability to develop long-term commercial contracts which should lower costs associated with production. * Children prefer juice than others meal. 5. 3. 4 Threats: * An out of state, already established competitor that has decided to make customer service and flexibility their selling point. * A health scare that questions the safety of V6 vegetable juice. * Poor weath er which will affects the market of V6 vegetable juice. * Customers are very much habitual to take vegetables as green. 5. Competition Analysis: Though V6 vegetable juice is a new product in the market but there are some similar products also. Basically the beverages, fruit juices and vegetable products are the major competitors. The competitors are divided in two – Direct Competitors: Beverages and fruit industries, like- Pepsi, coca cola, PRAN juice, ACMI juice, Frutika etc. Indirect Competitors: Raw vegetable markets, vegetable by products (biscuits, soups, snacks), some healthy drinks like Boost, Flavored milk etc. 5. 4. 1 Competitors Strength: 1. Established brands- the competitors have established brand like Coca-Cola, Pran. etc. But we the new comer. 2.Product supply- the competitor’s product supply is very larger than our product. 3. Price- the products are similar price like us. 5. 4. 2 Competitors Weakness: 1. Quick, tasty and healthy alternative to soft drin ks and colas. 2. Diet V6 juice has high levels of vitamin A & C, at the requirements of consumer’s daily values. 3. General consciousness among the consumers of bad effect of soft drinks. 4. Soft drinks can be high in sugar which can be a main deterrent for consumers. 5. 4. 3 Points of Difference: The point of difference that makes this vegetable juice than the others are- * New idea- Vegetable juice concept is first in Bangladesh in the juice industry. Different experience & knowledge- The customers will have the distinctive feelings & experiences that they will not get although other drinks exists in market. * Strong distribution channel- As this product has strong channel distribution channel, the consumer get it at every retail shop. 5. 5 Competitive Advantage: Our competitive advantage is really a superior one; 1. 100% vegetable juice. 2. High contents of vitamin A & C. 3. Low levels of sodium. 4. Less fat & calories than other drinks. 5. Tasty & healthy. 5. 6 Key to Suc cess: Exceed the customer's expectations. Additionally, Harlborn consumers Ltd will: * Generate repeat business Increase the transactions amount per customer. * Increase the number of restaurant accounts. * Increase variety of juice. 5. 7 Critical Issue: Harlborn consumers Ltd is still in the speculative stage as a V6 juice producer. Its critical issues are to continue to take a modest fiscal approach; expand at a reasonable rate, not for the sake of expansion in itself, but because it is economically wise to; and continue to build brand awareness to lower future marketing costs. 6 Strategic Marketing Analyses: Strategic marketing analysis includes marketing objectives, marketing strategies, marketing mix, and market research of V6 vegetable juice. 6. 1 Marketing Objectives:The objectives of all integrated marketing communications will be to: * Inspire consumers to view V6 in a new more vibrant light * Empower the female target audience about their dietary decisions * Showcase the n utritional benefits and great taste of all V6 products * Establish a connection between V6 and healthy active lifestyles 6. 2 Strategies: The single objective is to position vegetable juice as THE finest producer of vegetable in Bangladesh, commanding a majority of the market share within five years. The marketing strategy will seek to first create customer awareness regarding services offered, develop the customer base, and work toward building customer loyalty. We seek to communicate the message that we are the finest producer of high-end vegetable as JUICE. This message will be communicated through a variety of methods. The first method will be advertisements.Some of the advertisements will be co-branding with the Farmer's Market. Other advertisements will be solely Harlborn advertisements. The ads will be placed in both the local newspaper as well as the local art/entertainment paper. The message will also be communicated to the different hospital through networking with owners and managers. We will also communicate our message through informal gatherings and networking with consumers and hospital owners. 6. 3 Marketing mix V6 Vegetable Juice marketing mix is comprised of the following approaches to product, price, distribution, advertising and promotion, and customer service. 6. 3. 1 Product strategies:Basically at the beginning we are producing only vegetable juice made through winter vegetable. Afterwards we will produce juice made through summer, year-round vegetable, souses etc. Since our product fulfills both vegetable needs and beverage needs it will be competing with both green vegetables and beverage drinks. 6. 3. 2 Pricing Strategies: Pricing strategies are most important stage in marketing mix. As we are going to launch a new product in the market, we do not have any idea whether the price would be accepted or not by the customers. If we select extensively high price, customers will not buy and volume of sales will be very low. On the other hand setting lower price will not cover our costs.So we have to consider the following things in selecting price. * Acceptance of product: As our product faces competition against both green vegetables and beverage drinks, price of our product should be accepted by customers. Our product fulfills both vegetable needs and beverage needs. For this extra utility we will charge higher price than our competitors. * Maintaining market share: If our product is accepted by customers in near future, more competitors will enter in the market. So our price should be such that can protect our market share in the competition period. Moreover we will need to lower the price to hold the market share at the time of competition. * Earning profit:As a business our main objectives is to earn profit. So we should not set any price that will not cover the cost of the product. After covering the cost we set a profit margin for our pricing. After analyzing all of this we select Market-oriented pricing that is setting a price based upon analysis and research compiled from the targeted market and also with the cost. 6. 3. 3 Distribution Strategies: In generally there are different types of marketing distribution system. Consumers are able to buy the products from different market place. All these distribution strategies are consists of producer, wholesaler, retailer, and finally to the consumer.There are mainly four types of marketing distribution channel: 1. Conventional Marketing channel 2. Vertical marketing channel 3. Horizontal Marketing channel 4. Hybrid Marketing channel We select the conventional marketing channel to distribute our product. Our juice will be distributed by the specified distributor which will be selected by the company. The selected distributor will supply the juice product to the wholesaler and also to the retailer and the consumer will collect the product from the retailers. There are three types of distribution strategies: 1. Selective distribution 2. Intensive distribution 3. Exclusive distribution We choose the intensive distribution for our product.We will supply our product all over the country on the basis of our product demand so that the consumer can get the product easily. 6. 3. 4 Advertising and promotion: A mixture of advertisements and networking will be used to increase visibility for V6 vegetable juice. In first we will be focused on introducing the product. The advertisement will be done on different media e. g. television, newspaper and billboard to make people aware of the product. Promotional activity: We make promotional activities for our product in different school, college, hospital, and restaurant. * Advertising themes will be changed with time and promotional activity will be carried out to generate the consumer. * In different occasion we ill open special sales center where attractive point of purchase display would be arranged to create positive image in consumer’s mind. * We will provide different incentiv e to our distributor. * Sometimes we will offer free sampling for the mass sale of product. 6. 3. 5 Customer service: Obsessive customer service is the mantra. Horlborn consumers Ltd philosophy is whatever needs to be done to make the customer happy must occur, even at the expense of short-term profits. In the long term, this investment will pay off with a fiercely loyal customer. 6. 4 Marketing Research: During the initial phase of the marketing plan development, several focus groups were held to gain insight into prospective customers.These focus groups provided helpful insight into the decision making processes. An additional source of dynamic market research is a feedback mechanism based on a suggestion card system. The suggestion card has several statements that customers are asked to rate in terms of a given scale. There are also several open ended questions that allow the customer to freely offer constructive criticism or praise. The â€Å"V6 vegetable juice† will work hard to implement reasonable suggestions in order to improve their service offerings, as well as show its commitment to the customer that their suggestions are valued. The last source of market research is competitive analysis.The Horlborn consumers will send people to local competitors to gain information about their product offerings. Financial Overview: As we start our business in the year of 2011, we can’t expect a huge sales as well as huge profits. But our market research says that there is a good potentiality of this unique featured product. We project our sales will be keep rising next’s year. More ever promotion and advertising will help in increasing sales. At the very first of our business our mission should be emphasis on promotional activities and recognizing the product at every level. Now we are showing our five year projected plan. Description | 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015|Total Revenue| (200000*22)+(80000*38)+(100000*68)=14240000| (310000*22)+(150000 *38)+(200000*68)=26120000| (460000*22)+(250000*38)+(310000*68)=40700000| (750000*22)+(500000*38)+(600000*68)=76300000| (850000*22)+(650000*38)+(750000*68)=94400000| Variable Cost ( Raw-materials, marketing, advertising, Promotion) | (200000*16)+(80000*30)+(100000*56)=11200000| (310000*16)+(150000*30)+(200000*56)=20660000| (460000*16)+(250000*30)+(310000*56)=32220000| (750000*16)+(500000*30)+(600000*56)=60600000| (850000*16)+(650000*30)+(750000*56)=75100000| Fixed Cost ( Land, Factory, Office, Storage) | 5000000| 5000000| 5000000| 5000000| 5000000| Total Cost| 16200000| 25660000| 37220000| 65600000| 80100000| Profit Margin| -1960000| 460000| 3480000| 10700000| 14300000| Sales Forecast: The first three months of first year will be used to set up the processing and manufacturing plant for the production of V6 vegetables juice. There will not be sales activity until the processing plant has established.From month four there will be a steady increase in sales. Fig: Sales Forecast Revenue Forecast: As in the third month our product sales started and its will be increasing day by day our revenue also will be increased potentially. This growing revenue is shown by the following graph. Fig: Revenue Forecast Expense Forecast: Marketing expenses are budgeted to analysis the year-wise expense of Horlborn Consumers Ltd. The projected expenses for five years are shown by the following graph. Fig: Expense forecast Profit Margin: The progresses of Horlborn Consumers Ltd are measured by analysis the yearly profit. These are shown by the following graph.Fig: Profit Margin Break even Analysis: The Break-even Analysis indicates 25890000tk will be needed in yearly revenue to reach the breakeven point. 8. 0 Controls: The purpose of V6 vegetable juice marketing plan is to serve as a guide for the organization. The following areas will be monitored to gauge performance: * Revenue: annually * Expenses: annually * Repeat business. * Customer satisfaction. 8. 1 Implementation: The follo wing milestones identify the key marketing programs. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget. As successful entrepreneur we must fix the detailed action plan with when we are going to perform that.There are some primary activities (planning, permeation from Government) that we assume we have already performed. 8. 2 Company Organogram: CEO DIRECTOR Chief HR Chief Finance Chief marketing Chief IT GM IT & Planning GM Finance & Accounts GM HR Operation GM Product & Service GM HR Training GM Corporate GM Sales & Distribution GM IT & Operation 8. 3 Contingency Planning: Difficulties and risks: * Problems generating visibility. * An already established competitor that chooses to compete on quality and flexibility. * Poor weather which could hamper crop yields. Worst case risks may include: * Determining that the business cannot support itself on an ongoing basis. * Having to liquidate equipment to cover liabilities.

The Article By Sally Mcconnel Ginet And Penelope Eckert

The article â€Å"Learning to be Gendered† co-written by Sally McConnel-Ginet and Penelope Eckert accurately sums up the process of becoming a boy or a girl starting before birth. Children learn to be a boy or a girl from both their family and peers then put their learnings to practice as they become older. Everyday interactions are predetermined by our own gender and our own interpretation of another’s gender. Sex is a physical and mental aspect of one’s character. If asked to place gender in a category of nature vs. nurture, Sally and Penelope provide sufficient evidence that gender is strictly nurture. Children’s clothes are immediately gendered from the pink or blue blanket you get at the hospital all the way to Babies â€Å"R† Us. A tradition that once seemed cute, Sally and Penelope, now claim is an unconscious ploy to know the sex without having to ask. They clearly point out the black and white photo of the world—the girl and boy, if you will—then color their film with proof and statistics. For example, the experiment done by Condry and Condry in 1976 tested how adults reacted differently to a babies cry solely based on what gender they believed the baby to be. According to another study gender does not determine how much a baby cries (Maccoby and Jaclyn 1994). Sally and Penelope explain that, in a way, we as a society are trained to reward gender specific behavior. I imagine it would be hard to disagree with an article that seems based on facts and various studies. AtShow MoreRelatedWomen And Women Deserve Equal Choices And Equal Ability1385 Words   |  6 Pagesability to choose as we please. One important factor in how women are rising amongst the ranks of the workforce and gaining more equality is how young men are statically accomplishing less now than ever before. As Saul Kaplan points out in his article â€Å"The Plight of Young Males† (2005), he states that â€Å"In the Latest Census, males comprise 51% of the total U.S. population between the ages of 18-24. Yet, just over 40% of today’s college students are men.† Basically, what Kaplan is saying, is that

Symptoms And Injuries Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

â€Å" Emotionless, that’s how I feel. Devoid of everything held dear. Changes neither perception nor direction, no matter how far or near. I go back to the things I know in the vain hope that it will lift me, breath life into me, give me a rush, help me and fill me. Nevertheless, what is left? I am emotionless that is how I feel.† A percentage of military personnel return from the aftermath of war, diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD† or major depression. The Counseling Services Act for Veterans and their Families in 1975 established for management of psychological symptoms and injury that may take years or decades to manifest. PTSD accounts for some 40% of Vietnam veterans, 78% of those diagnosed would never reach full symptom remission. There were questions on whether cases of delayed-onset PTSD malingered, the observance also manifest because of severe injury unrelated to combat (Hassija, Garvert Cloitre, 2015). Many veterans stru ggle processing their traumatic war experiences leaving them emotionless or feeling guilty in some way. Replaying episodes experienced in war-zone (friends, family, and military comrades). The distress causes self-blame and prevents individuals from seeking self-care. These things are not just struggles with military personnel but also civilians, who are afraid of taking first steps towards self-care, through Veteran Center or behavioral health facilities (Hassija, Garvert Cloitre, 2015). Social workers also struggleShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1494 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) Post-Traumatic stress disorder has affected humans probably as long as we have had a higher consciousness, but it is only recently that researchers, medical professionals and psychotherapists have had much understanding into its nature and treatment. Although this disorder may be easy to describe, the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder negatively affect a person’s mental health, physical health, work andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )861 Words   |  4 Pagesis very common and can very well lead to post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD for short. It is one of the most common mental health conditions in the United States because of the amount of people exposed to trauma. A traumatic event such as being in a war can cause post-traumatic stress disorder. War veterans have seen all sorts of horrors, such as friends and co-soldiers being slaughtered, guns, bombs, loud noises, and violence; as well as any injuries the veteran may have gone through. One exam pleRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1519 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder It is common for individuals who have gone through a traumatic experience to feel many types of emotions, to include distress, fear, helplessness, guilt, shame or anger. The individual may begin to feel better after just a few days or weeks, but sometimes these feelings don’t go away. If the symptoms last for more than a month, they may be experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD and should seek professional help. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, once knownRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder On A Family1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on a Family The symptoms of Post-traumatic stress can vary from patient from patient. Most common symptoms are flashbacks, hyper arousal and avoidance. The first article is â€Å"Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer and Their Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial.† In this article the researchers put together a random wait list control trial. They would have an intervention with the family of a cancer survivorRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes Symptoms and Effects Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesor suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. What this number does not include are the 39,365 cases of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (more commonly known as PTSD). (Department 2009) Although we usually think of war injuries as being physical, one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the effects can be devastating to a redeploying soldier w ho has come in contact with severely traumatic experiences. PTSDRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost-traumatic Stress Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment1612 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Statement of Thesis Post-traumatic stress disorder is a serious condition and one that is challenging in terms of identifying the disorder and effectively coping with this disorder. Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that the individual develops following a terrifying ordeal that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm. The person who develops PTSD may have been the one who was harmed, the harm may have happened toRead MorePost-traumatic stress disorder is defined as an anxiety disorder that follows a traumatic event1000 Words   |  4 PagesPost-traumatic stress disorder is defined as an anxiety disorder that follows a traumatic event where the following two things were present: first, â€Å"the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others (ESTSS, 2014); second, â€Å"the persons response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror (ESTSS, 2014).† The diagnosis of PTSD was entered into the DSM inRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1095 Words   |  5 PagesPTSD in Catcher in the Rye Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is most commonly thought of as an illness men and women acquire from experiences while serving in the wars. Some do not even know what it is or how much it affects people s lives. In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger helps to convey what Post Traumatic Stress Disorder really is. PTSD is a curable condition triggered by a traumatic event with many types, causes, and symptoms displayed by Holden Caulfield. All of the peopleRead MoreToday’s Soldier: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesWe usually think of war injuries as being physical, although one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the effects can be devastating. PTSD is an emotional illness classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops because of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe event, often experienced in combat. Although this condition has likely existed since humans have endured trauma, PTSD has only been recognized as a formal diagnosis

Is Katniss A Hero - 778 Words

Natalia Mongo September 13, 2015 ENC1102 Is Katniss a Hero? The Hunger Games takes place in the future where the nation is divided into 12 districts. Every year two young individuals are chosen from each distract to fight in the hunger games which was made up because many years ago the districts had a rebellion against the capital and lost so they set up the hunger games to show that they have control. The tributes are chosen by a raffle, one boy and one girl. This year Peeta, a baker’s son and 16 years old Katniss Everdeen’s younger sister, Prim, are both chosen. The games are set up so everyone in each district can watch all the tributes fight to their deaths. For the first time ever seen, Katniss volunteers to take Prim’s place in the games. Many wonder, what would have occurred in the games if Katniss did not volunteer for her sister. The creator of this movie, Suzanne Collins, stated I was flipping through images of reality television, there were these young people competing for a million dollars ... and I saw images of the Iraq War, two things began to sort of fuse together in a very unsettling way, and there is really the moment when I got the idea for Katniss story. (Forer, 2012).Collins began seeing images of the Iraq war was because her father served in the war when she was little and she wants young people to think about the cruelty of war. To put together what she saw on television and the idea of young people realizing the brutality of war she came upShow MoreRelatedEssay On Katniss A Hero In The Hunger Games715 Words   |  3 Pages In the novel â€Å"The Hunger Games† Suzanne Collins conveys the qualities of a hero through the main character Katniss Everdeen. The novel is based around a dystopian nation, in which is placed in Panem. Through which a boy and a girl from each district must take part in ‘The Hunger Games’ where they have to fight to the death, until there is one survivor. Katniss subsequently evolves as a significant hero portraying the heroic qualities such as selflessness, identity change and intelligence. SelflessnessRead MoreThe Modern Mythology Hero Katniss Evergreen Essay569 Words   |  3 PagesKatniss Everdeen is one of the best heroes in modern mythology. â€Å"Katniss Everdeen. She is the hero we need.† (Kim, Daniel J). Katniss isn’t like other heroes in modern mythology. Heroes today are characterized by their aggression and dominance but not Katniss. Katniss is strong when she has to be, but deep inside she is truly scared. Joseph Cambell’s 17 stages monomyth is able to map out a hero’s journey and express the steps taken to become a hero. Katniss is a highly qualified hero and accomplishesRead MoreIN WHAT WAYS DOES KATNISS EVERDEEN CHALLENGE OR CONFIRM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF A TYPICAL HERO IN THE HUNGER GAMES?1104 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion of whether Katniss Everdeen, of The Hunger Games, confirms or challenges the idea of an archetypal hero is one debated worldwide. Throughout the novel, written by Suzanne Collins, Katniss demonstrates qualities and undertakes actions which are, without a doubt, heroic. However, whether or not this makes her a hero is dependent upon who you are asking; many characters in the novel would have very different ideas as to what a hero is. Also, although Katniss may come off as a hero many times inRead MoreThe Hunger Games : A Hero s Journey847 Words   |  4 PagesA Hero s Journey In the history of cinema, most movies involving a hero s journey involve mostly the same plot; man gets a call, goes on a journey, gets in a battle or two, and saves the helpless woman from some evil source. The Hunger Games has the same plot as other hero films, but takes a complete turn on the actor encompassing the hero. The hero in this film is a Katniss Everdeen, a poor girl from a dystopian society. In this film Katniss volunteers for her sister to be in the Hunger GamesRead MorePeeta: Not Your Average Bakers Boy811 Words   |  3 PagesAccording to Joseph Campbell, â€Å"A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself.† Everyone imagines heroes differently. Heroes do not always have to have supernatural abilities. They can simply be regular people who make a difference in someone’s life. Peeta, from the Hunger Games Trilogy, is a hero in his own way. Peeta is just a regular young man until he is forced to go into the arena and f ight to the death on live television. Peeta does not know the effect heRead MoreThe Movie The Hunger Games 889 Words   |  4 Pagesheroes are always the male character and there were never any females that were a hero/heroine. Joseph Campbell talked a little bit about the heroine, who is a female hero, and most people do not believe that women can be heroes. The first thing that caught my attention in The Hunger Games movie series was the main character and hero, Katniss Everdeen. She was a great example of a hero. She embodies the definition of a hero by the sense of the word; she was not only a great fighter in front of a strongRead MoreHe Heroic Journey : Katniss Everdeen848 Words   |  4 Pageshe Heroic Journey of Katniss Everdeen In the history of cinema, most movies involving a hero s journey have mostly the same plot. A man gets a call, goes on a journey, gets in a battle or two, and saves a helpless woman from some evil source. The Hunger Games has the exact plot but takes a complete turn regarding the hero in the film. The hero in this film is a Katniss Everdeen, a poor girl from a dystopian society. In this film Katniss volunteers for her sister to be in the Hunger Games, whichRead MoreThe Movie The Hunger Games 894 Words   |  4 Pagesheroes are always the male character and there were never any females that were a hero/heroine. Joseph Campbell talked a little bit about the heroine, who is a female hero, and most people do not believe that women can be heroes. The first thing that caught my attention in The Hunger Games movie series was the main character and hero, Katniss Everdeen. She was a great example of a hero. She embodies the definition of a hero by the sense of the word; she was not only a g reat fighter in front of a strongRead MoreTheme Of Heroism In The Hunger Games808 Words   |  4 Pagesqualities of the characters Katniss, Thresh, and Peeta. These protagonist characters demonstrate the qualities, heroism, love, strong willed, bravery, respect, affection, and, determination. The definition of a hero is someone a person looks up to for their courage and bravery In part two of The Hunger Games Katniss signifies her heroic qualities of love, affection, and bravery as she decorates a 12 yr old girl tribute Rue from district 11 in flowers after she dies. Katniss then presses her three middleRead MoreKatniss Everdeen: The Greatest Heroine of Our Generation708 Words   |  3 Pagesdefine a â€Å"hero† as â€Å"a man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble quality but thats mean that women can’t be heroes too. Katniss Everdeen at â€Å"The Hunger Games† exhibits all the characteristics of a real â€Å"hero†. Her appearance fools foes as a weak and easy target to kill. Katniss’ has many abilities but her mind is her greatest power. She exemplifies that women can be heroes and one don’t need to be perfect to be a hero. Katniss Everdeen is our greatest hero of our

Baby Boomers and their unique relationship with alcohol and Other drugs Free Essays

In reality, older adults take a greater toll than younger adults for substance abuse and alcoholism, their increasing number is alarming as they approach the next century. It was predicted by the United States Bureau of Census that the growth of baby boomers also known as adult population will more than double by the year 2050 (Atkinson, R. 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Baby Boomers and their unique relationship with alcohol and Other drugs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Baby boomers unique relationship with alcohol and drug abuse paved the way for psychosocial concerns and may accelerate decline on their physiological welfare. These individuals are at risk for serious illnesses, injuries and socioeconomic downfall. A typical baby boomer will disapprove the possibility of treatment and corrections (Fries, F. 2001). Many individuals in this age group are reluctant and ashamed of admitting their use and misuse of drugs and alcohol and seek professional help (Atkinson, R. 2000). They consider the situation as a private matter and need not have intervention from other people. Even relatives of this adult population whom are into substance abuse and alcoholism are ashamed of the current situation and would rather keep themselves in silence and not address the current situation. Most of the relatives thought that the older individuals who are into alcohol and drugs are happy and there was no difference if they intended to continue their habitual vices for they will not stay much longer in this world (Schulenberg, J. 2002). There is unspoken assumption that it was not worth to correct and treat the older individuals for alcohol and drug abuse makes the matter worst and increase their numbers in the society. Discussion The aging of Baby Boomers who were into an early alcohol and substance abuse would be an alarming sign of greater problems in the future. The physical and psychological effects of alcohol and drug abuse to older individuals may influence their children and carry the habit when they reach old age too (Schulenberg, J. 2002). The potential increase in alcohol and drugs morbidity will affect the future health services. Though there seem to be no urgency to correct the unique relationship of Baby Boomers to alcohol and other drugs with impressions that treatment of older population will not be a success and only a waste of health care resources. These callous attitudes of many individuals will only create problems that will affect the future generation (Atkinson, R. 2000). The impressions of depression for other adults who can do self-medication and can live alone will only lower their living satisfaction and further enhanced by past experiences of loosing their spouse, unemployment, injuries and depression (Fries, F. 2001). They are also facing chronic and lingering illnesses such as diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, senility and other forms of ailments that made them dependent to other individuals while performing their daily activities. The prevailing cultural beliefs of individuals in the age bracket of sixty and older will encounter abuse or misuse of alcohol and other drugs, good examples are buying over-the-counter drugs cough suppressants with high alcohol content that could interact negatively with other medicines they are taking (Fries, F. 2001). The unique relationship of older adults to alcohol and other drugs cannot be easily identified due to their similarities with other symptoms of illnesses common to aged. They may keep on reminding the health care professional the similarities of their prevailing condition from their parents and grandparents (Epstein, F. 2002). The recognition of alcohol and other substances abused are not typical for the younger population because they are now living independently, no longer employed, with lesser socialization and may no longer be driving, hence reducing the potential to trace their alcohol and other drugs in their system. There are circumstances that older individuals are into prescription drugs like sedatives, hypnotics and depressants with problematic effect brought by age-related metabolism and negative chemical and alcohol interactions with other prescribed medications (Schulenberg, J. 2002). The adverse effects of drugs and alcohol to older individual are cognitive impairment, physiological impairment, delirium and greater risk of falling that needs medical intervention and institutionalization. The age-related changes varies according to their body systems, the parameter of their alcohol and drugs intake can be medically hazardous despite of lower frequency of intake (Atkinson, R. 2000). The older individual unique responses with alcohol and other drugs will undoubtedly increase false diagnostic procedures and may diminish their quality of living. The complexity of Baby Boomers condition makes the diagnosis and treatment difficult and will serve as barriers for effective recovery from the disorders (Fries, F. 2001). Being old was coined during the mid-1960s to describe the Baby Boomers tendency to react negatively to corrections instead of looking for specific causes of their medical, social, biological, psychological and physical conditions (Epstein, F. 2002). It was further deteriorated by other people’s assumption that older person comprised powerlessness, uselessness and death. This stereotype internalization may categorize the older person as senile though in reality was afflicted with treatable ailments cause by alcohol and other drugs abuse. Caregivers may have good intention but the confusion and unchallenging condition of older individual age-related illnesses while conducting routine medical monitoring would deem not worthy of treating for they would die soon anyway. Other factor that contributes to worsening condition of older individual is the stigma associated to gender, religion and culture. The older individual’s perception of alcohol and drugs during 1950s was influenced by advertisement from moral failing to prosperity and achievement. They are also very sensitive to issues concerning psychiatric disorders and reluctant to acknowledge symptoms of alcohol and other drug abuse (Fries, F. 2001). Many of older individual will simply relate their problems to old age and would think that alcoholism and drug related dependency is a youth problem. They keep on masking their serious drinking of alcohol as a pleasure and a kind of social drinking for they already accomplished their family responsibilities and does not have any work to do (Epstein, F. 2002). The multiple symptoms for older individual made it difficult of health care providers to suspect that they are into alcoholism and drug abused, typical symptoms includes irritability, insomnia, chronic pain, common medical disorder or combination of any of these conditions. Stereotyping is another barrier to detect the symptoms of alcohol and other drugs abuse for older individual especially for women who came from higher socioeconomic background. The individual patient’s age is correlated on the length of physician’s time spent; the older the patient, the lesser the time spent by the physician (Atkinson, R. 2000). This is due to older individual’s lesser complaint and it is not easier to detect his underlying problem on alcohol and other drug abuse. The unique relationship of older individual with alcohol and other drug abuse increasingly compete with his other health problems (Atkinson, R. 2000). The immediate family members of confined elderly will give higher priority to physical conditions concerning heart, renal failure or other organ failure, psychological impressions while alcoholism and drug abuse is usually at the least among concerns (Atkinson, R. 2000). Diagnostic treatment for older individuals who are alcoholics and suffering from other substance abuse are complicated to other prevailing medical conditions such as impairment of their cognitive facilities, depressions, basic sensory deficits like hearing impairment or vision blurredness and even lack of mobility (Epstein, F. 2002). One good example is older patients who can no longer walk up stairs or drive a car after dark. There are situations that health care professionals would not suggest accommodation of older individual for treatment due to complex barriers of aging (Atkinson, R. 2000). In the case of minority elders, language barrier is another issue that needs attention, being first generation immigrants in a place, most of them cannot relate to universal language like English which most professional opted to use (Fries, F. 2001). An interpreter is needed to communicate with health care professionals that might be providing bias communication which adds more barriers for effective correction. The cultural competence of health care professional is crucial especially for Non-English speaking minorities like Europeans, Asians and Native Americans (Epstein, F. 2002). Another issue is the homebound and handicapped elderly that immediate family members find it difficult to transport them to medical intervention institutions. Home confinement restricted them with various health problems like chronic lung diseases, heart ailment, diabetes and other medical conditions without considering the possibility of alcoholism and other drugs abuse (Atkinson, R. 2000). The weak and frail condition of older individual needs considerable and taxing effort of immediate and able family members to health care institutions. Their isolated condition make the matter worse due to limited contacts with other people that the alcohol and other drugs abuse are neglected (Fries, F. 2001). The worsening condition of older individuals due to licit and illicit drugs and alcohol will greatly affect their immediate relatives and the younger generation may have misperception that being old is just normal to suffer from health discomfort. Knowing and discovering the hidden condition of the elderly in terms of misuse and abuse of alcohol and other substance will pave the way to correct past beliefs and thinking on their failing health (Atkinson, R. 2000). The older abusers of alcohol and other drugs share common adverse reactions with their younger counterpart and this inter-generation equity must be resolved and prevented the earliest possible time (Epstein, F. 2002). The growing population of elderly with health burden, alcoholism and drug abuse will be a burden to society and an enhanced alcohol and substance abuse policy for successful treatment is needed. The baby boomers are born between 1946 and 1964 and there is a great possibility of increasing their population by approximately twenty percent by 2030, this impending retirement will have a great impact to their unique relationship with alcohol and other substance abuse (Epstein, F. 2002). Conclusion The distinct characteristics of older individual’s relationship with alcohol and drug abuse needs through understanding of their misuse or abuse of these components which resulted to adverse and negative impact to their well-being (Fries, F. 2001). Today’s elderly population has an increase rate of emotional crisis brought by alcohol and drug abuse that needs practical and immediate recommendation to put individual’s understanding into practice for treatment (Epstein, F. 2002). Baby boomers are once productive and great contributor of the society and their aging must not be a reason to neglect the proper health care intervention needed to enjoy their last hails in life peacefully. Alcohol and substance abuse will greatly affect the baby boomers ability to spend the rest of their life from healthy and sound environment. This is serious problem among older individuals which will have a major consequence to their chronic disability from physical and mental capacity and lower standards of living. References Atkinson, R. (2000). Alcohol and Substance – use Disorders in the Elderly. Handbook of Mental Health and Aging, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, Inc. , San Diego California, pp. 514-554. Schulenberg, J. (2002). A New Elderly-Specific Screening Test – Geriatric Version on Alcoholism, American Clinical and Experimental Research Journal, pp. 769-774. Epstein, F. (2002). Substance Dependence Abuse and Treatment: Findings from the 2000 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, DHHS Publication Series A-16, Office of Applied Studies, New York, pp. 87-97. Fries, F. (2001). Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics of Older Americans, Journal of Medicine, NY, pp. 130-135. How to cite Baby Boomers and their unique relationship with alcohol and Other drugs, Papers

Systematic and Unsystematic Risk Determinants †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Systematic and Unsystematic Risk Determinants. Answer: Introduction This is a study which will analyse the impact of the global economic crisis on the banks in United Arab Emirates. The study will aim to highlight the profitability of the banks after the global economic crisis. The four banks that are taken in to account belong to two categories, Islamic and conventional banks. The banks that will be analysed to identify the profitability are Dubai Islamic Bank, Sharjah Islamic Bank, Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and National Bank of Abu Dhabi. Dubai Islamic Bank was the bank who implemented the principles of Islam in the all the practices of the organization. It is one of the largest Islamic bank in the United Arab Emirates (Dubai Islamic Bank ,2017). The organization being a public joint stock company is listed in the Dubai Financial Market. The organization is involved in both international and local partnerships and has a network of 200 branches in Pakistan. The banking license of the organization was received from the Central Bank of Jordon to work as a financial institution of Islamic nature. Sharjah Islamic Bank is also bank which has implemented the Islamic principles in the banking system of their organization (Sharjah Islamic Bank, 2017). The headquarter of the bank is in Emirates and has been converted in to an Islamic bank in the year of 2004. On the contrary, the Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank has been established as a public shareholding listing organization and had limited liability. However, the government of Abu Dhabi holds 65% of the shares of the company (ADCB, 2017). The rest of the funds of the organization is held by individuals and financial institutions. The bank is a joint company which provides services in the field of commercial, retail, merchant, investment, fund management and brokerage. National Bank of Abu Dhabi is one of the largest lender bank in the United Arab Emirates and the market capitalization of the bank is one of the largest. The headquarters of the bank is in Abu Dhabi and is situated in the ma in financial district in Abu Dhabi. There is diversity in the portfolio of the bank and provides services such as corporate, retail, investment and wholesale banking facilities. The other services provided by the bank includes wealth management, brokerage, Islamic Banking, leasing and property management (NBAD UAE, 2017). The study will evaluate the ROE of the banks, ROA of the bank, Equity multiplier and asset utilization ratio. The comparative study will facilitate in understanding the profitability of each of the banks and the causes behind it. Statement of the problem The global economic crisis had profound impact on all the banks all around the world. However, the impact of the global economic crisis was different in Islamic banks and conventional banks. The principles these banks follow is different so the impact of the global economy will be different on both type of the banks. The study will analyse the profitability of each of the banks by analysing their return on investment, return on asset and equity multiplier ratio. These values will highlight the impact of the global economic crisis on each of the banks and how they have coped up with it. What is the impact of global economic crisis on the Islamic banks? What is the impact of global economic crisis on the conventional banks? What is the significance of the global economic crisis on the profitability of the Islamic banks? What is the significance of the global economic crisis on the profitability of the conventional banks? The study aims to identify the impact of the global economic crisis on the banks in United Arab Emirates. The study has chosen two conventional banks and two Islamic banks which will be analysed based on their return on investment, return on asset and the equity multiplier. The findings form the study will be able to validate the existing theories of literature and will provide a better understanding of the topic. H0 The global economic crisis has impacted the profitability of the banks in United Arab Emirates H1 The global economic crisis has not impacted the profitability of the banks United Arab Emirates The literature review is divide in to two parts one is the theoretical literature and the other is the empirical literature. The theoretical literature review will illustrate the various theories from different researchers and the empirical literature review will consist of the calculated data of all the banks that have been taken in to account. Islamic banks have similar roles when compared to the Conventional banks. The Islamic Banks are the main sponsors to production of information and therefore supports in addressing the problem of asymmetric information. They also facilitate in the reduction of the transaction costs and assists in diversification for investors and small savers. During conducting the organizational business, Islamic Banks mitigate risks which arise from the operational, liquidity and asymmetric information problem. The fundamental difference between Islamic and Conventional Banks is that Islamic banks operate in harmony with the guidelines of Shariah which is the Islamic legal code (Waemustafa Sukri, 2015). The intermediation of the conventional banks is mainly based on debt and allows the transfer of risk while the intermediation of Islamic banks have a contrasting character and is based on assets which focuses of sharing of risk. Risk transfer and Risk sharing Conventional Banks Risk Transfer Islamic Banks Risk Sharing The risk is transferred by the depositors to the banks so that they can ensure that their return is pre-specified. The Islamic bank share the return and the risk with the investors (profit sharing investment account (PSIA) holders) and there is no pre-specified return in this context and the return will depend on the performance of the bank. The interest rate is independent of the return and borrowers will have to pay it irrespective of the return. The risks are being transferred through credit default swaps and securitization. The financing of the organizations is based on debt. The risk is shared in Musharakah and Mudharabah contracts in Islamic banks. Moreover, the sales contracts are conducted in most of the contracts. The level of risk sharing is different in the Islamic banks and according to the standards step by the Islamic principles, the policies are similar to the conventional banking system. However, there is a basic difference in the Islamic banking system that it does not allow making investment in the instruments which are having adverse effect on the conventional competitors which was the cause of the global economic crisis. However, the economic crisis had impacted the both conventional banks and the Islamic banks but the impact will have to be assessed based on certain criteria (Bourkhis Nabi, 2013). The indicators which can be used to identify the impact are bank lending, profitability, bank rating and bank asset. Various studies suggest that the analysis of the profitability of the Islamic banks are much better condition than the conventional banks. Beck, Demirg-Kunt Merrouche, (2013) states the impact of the crisis on the Islamic banks are worse than in other countries. However, in some countries the losses faced by the Islamic banks are more than in United Arab Emirates. The risk-taking factor for the Islamic banks were more so it was expected that the losses incurred will be more but the scenario was opposite. The ratio of the non-performing assets was higher among the Islamic banks than the conventional banks in the country. The credit growth in the economy suggest that the credit growth was more for the Islamic banks than the conventional banks. Thus, the Islamic banks were able to provide stability to the market due to the growth in credit. The asset growth also shows a similar scenario where the asset of the Islamic banks was expected to grow more than the conventional banks. However, there was different situation in different countries and so there is no uniformity in the opinion among the various researchers (Waemustafa Sukri, 2016). Comparative analysis of performance between conventional bank and Islamic banks was completed amid the economic crisis for the State of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. This examination utilized six proportion investigations what's more, found that Islamic managing an account endured more amid the money related emergency worldwide as far as capital proportions, use and profit for normal value while regular banks endured more as far as return by and large resources and liquidity. The examination by Hesse Poghosyan, (2016), studied the impacts of the worldwide budgetary emergency in 2008 and 2009 against Islamic and ordinary saving money in a few nations including Kuwait, Bahrain, Malaysia, Qatar, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Turkey. Consequences of the investigation demonstrated that Islamic banks were influenced in an unexpected way than ordinary banks within the worldwide monetary emergency. The gainfulness factor had helped Islamic saving mone y by lessening the unfavourable impacts of the worldwide monetary emergency. Liquidity is a vital factor in guaranteeing stability in a banking organization. It assumes a critical part in liquidity hazard in existing monetary emergency. The investigation by (), who made examination amongst Islamic and regular keeping money amid the worldwide budgetary emergency in 2007-2008 in Malaysia took into account three markers; productivity, liquidity and credit chance of saving money organizations (Ajmi et al., 2014). The example was taken from 2006 to 2010 and was categorized into some time recently, amid also, after the monetary emergency. The discoveries uncovered that Islamic saving money was less presented to liquidity hazard when contrasted with regular saving money amid the money related emergency. A study was likewise directed in Turkey to survey the security of Islamic and regular saving money area in the worldwide money related emergency from 2006 to 2011. The study utilized yearly examination slant towards productivity, liquidity, hazard and proportion of a dvantage amount of traditional and Islamic saving money. The outcomes demonstrated that Islamic keeping money was more steady than ordinary banks as far as gainfulness, capital ampleness and liquidity for the period under audit, counting amid the 2008 worldwide money related emergency (Rosman, Wahab Zainol, 2014). As stated by (Kapan Minoiu, 2013), due to the recent global financial crisis the traditional banks got affected in a bad way all across the world. Even though the Islamic banks also got influenced by this global financial crisis, but their performance at the time of this crises was recorded better the traditional banks. On further research it was found that the Islamic banks had to suffer in the areas of capital ratio, leverage and return on equity irrespective of their good performance during 2006-2009 in comparison with the conventional banks. As per the Report of World Bank (Ashfaq, 2016), the comparison carried out between the performances of the traditional banks and the Islamic ones at the time of the financial crisis showed that even though both the forms of banks were influenced by the crisis, the Islamic banks came out superior in terms of credit risk and liquidity reserves. Therefore, it can be easily said the Islamic banks performed better than the convention ones in the financial crisis. A Dubai based mortgage provider, AMLAK, faced financial lie-down and their Kuwait institute defaulted, in turn failing to issue their SUKUK. However, Islamic finance continued in a relatively positive and sturdy manner, irrespective of the instability and the misery of the overriding financial crisis. Generally, the admission of the financial crisis in the Islamic capital market was not to happen because of a lot of reasons that included: the Shariah not allowing the sale of debt against debt, and it is not possible for someone to be selling the resources till the time the person is possessing the actual resources and it is prohibited by Islam that risky and speculative transactions are carried out. Additionally, in Islamic finance, lending is founded on capital backing and the generally mortgage loans are presented in exchange of solid assets. In comparison, in traditional baking the main agenda of present crises is simply due to huge amounts of loans being granted by them minus any kind of collaterals. Inside the Islamic regulatory control system, the investors are all conscious of both the risks and returns. As mentioned by Saif-Alyousfi, Saha Md-Rus, (2017), the result of the execution of profit and loss sharing transactions is complete disclosure and clarity. Due to that there is better comprehension experienced in market discipline, and because of that there is appearance of judicious control over needless lending, which in turn improved the Islamic financial system. The global financial crisis played a huge role in pushing the developed countries into developing a fresh financial system that would be having eth capability of tackling the crisis issue. The crisis made the developed nations lower their bank rates and that introduced a new financial system that is completely founded on the Islamic principles of interest free financial system. The capitalist system that failed after this financial crisis, was looking for a system that would be solving the speculation issues and financial crisis inside the Islamic financial system as an alternative (Mohamed, 2016). The capitalist system was extremely affected by the harshness shown by the financial crisis, but still managed identifying the failure of risk alleviations at different levels as the cause of the crisis. The capitalist economy was looking for a system that is completely risk free. Irrespective of different crisis and challenges, steady growth is seen in Islamic financial institutions. Countries such as Bahrain, UAE and Malaysia are the hubs for Islamic finance that are working towards the development of Islamic finances. The leading financial centers of the world like Hong Kong, New York and Singapore make use of Islamic finance simultaneously with traditional banking for the improvement in risk and liquidity management. SUKUK bonds are key instances of Islamic finance growth (Gopalakrishnan Mohapatra, 2017). As per Kapan Minoiu, (2013), analyzing the competitive situation and traditional Islamic financial system found that the Islamic banks are found to be less competitive in comparison with the traditional banking system. Due to high capitalization, the Islamic banks face less financial risk. They kept on showing more durability and flexibility in the face of the global financial crisis of 2007. Even the western banks profited from the Islamic banks in the aftermath of the global crisis in the battle of tackling the crisis for the restoration of their financial stability. Findings have suggested the Islamic banks being more capable of controlling risk in comparison to traditional banks, with the help of better capital ratio, principles free of Gharar and interest. Their finance is based on moral and ethical principles, even proper checking and balance, working in the interest of everyone. Dubai Islamic Bank Equity Multiplier (EM)= Total Assets/ Total Equity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 National Bank of Abu Dhabi Return on Equity (ROE)= Net Income/ Total Equity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 164.26 146.26 -5.74 1.97 14.53 10.77 13.89 15.27 17.39 13.58 13.26 Return on Assets (ROA)= Net Income/ Total Assets 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 Equity Multiplier (EM)= Total Assets/ Total Equity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 7 7 7 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 9 24,177 26,408 28,728 30,351 31,801 24,270 24,177 26,408 28,728 30,351 31,801 Sharjah Islamic Bank Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Return on Equity (ROE)= Net Income/ Total Equity 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 18.26 22.33 23.19 22.14 19.4 15.56 9.91 8.44 -8.8 2.79 2.79 Return on Assets (ROA)= Net Income/ Total Assets 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1.19 1.4 1.43 1.33 1.17 1.02 0.68 0.56 -0.55 0.16 0.16 Results and analysis The result of the study suggests that the existing theories have been validated which shows that the return on equity and the return on asset for the Islamic banks are unchanged which means that the global economic crisis was unable to pout significant impact on the performance of the Islamic banks. However, this is not the case for the commercial banks which suggest that there is fluctuation in the return on investment and the return on asset which shows that the commercial banks have been significantly impacted by global economic crisis. Moreover, the equity multiplier for the commercial banks are high which suggest that the banks are relying more on debts for financing purposes which increases the chances of failure risk for them. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded from the analysis of the study that the impact of the global economic crisis of the conventional banks have been huge and their return on investment have been hampered significantly. However, the data suggest that there has been negligible impact of the global economic crisis on the Islamic banks. Moreover, they have been able to provide stability to the macro economic environment of the country. Thus, from the data it is suggested that the conventional banks should rely less on debt for financing purposes. 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